Alabama
Major cities: Birmingham, Huntsville, Mobile, Montgomery, Tuscaloosa.
Planning factor: 0.86 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include hot, humid summers and storm exposure.
Alaska
Major cities: Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, Ketchikan, Sitka.
Planning factor: 1.30 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold weather, remote logistics and a short building season.
Arizona
Major cities: Phoenix, Tucson, Mesa, Chandler, Scottsdale, Glendale, Tempe.
Planning factor: 1.02 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include desert heat, intense sun and monsoon conditions.
Arkansas
Major cities: Little Rock, Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Springdale, Jonesboro.
Planning factor: 0.84 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include humid summers, storms and mixed rural access.
California
Major cities: Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Sacramento, Fresno, Long Beach, Oakland, Bakersfield, Anaheim, Riverside, Irvine.
Planning factor: 1.32 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include high labour costs, seismic requirements and varied coastal or inland climates.
Colorado
Major cities: Denver, Colorado Springs, Aurora, Fort Collins, Lakewood, Boulder.
Planning factor: 1.12 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include snow loads, altitude and rapid temperature swings.
Connecticut
Major cities: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Hartford, Waterbury, Norwalk.
Planning factor: 1.20 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold winters, older housing and elevated Northeast labour rates.
Delaware
Major cities: Wilmington, Dover, Newark, Middletown, Smyrna.
Planning factor: 1.05 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include coastal moisture, storms and Mid-Atlantic seasonal changes.
Florida
Major cities: Jacksonville, Miami, Tampa, Orlando, St. Petersburg, Hialeah, Tallahassee, Fort Lauderdale, Cape Coral, Port St. Lucie.
Planning factor: 1.04 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include hurricane exposure, heat, humidity and strict wind requirements.
Georgia
Major cities: Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Savannah, Athens, Macon.
Planning factor: 0.96 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include heat, humidity, storms and fast-growing metro areas.
Hawaii
Major cities: Honolulu, East Honolulu, Pearl City, Hilo, Kailua, Kahului.
Planning factor: 1.42 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include island logistics, salt air, humidity and tropical storms.
Idaho
Major cities: Boise, Meridian, Nampa, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Coeur d'Alene.
Planning factor: 0.98 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold winters, wildfire exposure and fast-growing cities.
Illinois
Major cities: Chicago, Aurora, Naperville, Joliet, Rockford, Springfield, Peoria.
Planning factor: 1.02 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include freeze-thaw cycles, hot summers and major urban cost differences.
Indiana
Major cities: Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Carmel, Bloomington.
Planning factor: 0.90 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include freeze-thaw cycles, storms and humid summers.
Iowa
Major cities: Des Moines, Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Sioux City, Iowa City, Ames.
Planning factor: 0.88 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold winters, tornado exposure and humid summers.
Kansas
Major cities: Wichita, Overland Park, Kansas City, Olathe, Topeka, Lawrence.
Planning factor: 0.88 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include wind, hail, tornado exposure and temperature extremes.
Kentucky
Major cities: Louisville, Lexington, Bowling Green, Owensboro, Covington, Richmond.
Planning factor: 0.88 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include humid summers, storms and mixed urban-rural contractor access.
Louisiana
Major cities: New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Shreveport, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Kenner.
Planning factor: 0.91 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include flood risk, hurricanes, heat and high humidity.
Maine
Major cities: Portland, Lewiston, Bangor, South Portland, Auburn, Biddeford.
Planning factor: 1.08 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include long winters, coastal exposure and rural travel costs.
Maryland
Major cities: Baltimore, Frederick, Rockville, Gaithersburg, Bowie, Annapolis.
Planning factor: 1.14 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include humid summers, coastal storms and high Washington-area labour costs.
Massachusetts
Major cities: Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Cambridge, Lowell, Brockton, Quincy.
Planning factor: 1.28 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include older housing, cold winters and high skilled-labour costs.
Michigan
Major cities: Detroit, Grand Rapids, Warren, Sterling Heights, Ann Arbor, Lansing, Dearborn.
Planning factor: 0.95 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include heavy freeze-thaw cycles, snow and lake-effect moisture.
Minnesota
Major cities: Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester, Duluth, Bloomington, Brooklyn Park.
Planning factor: 1.02 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include severe winter cold, snow loads and large temperature swings.
Mississippi
Major cities: Jackson, Gulfport, Southaven, Hattiesburg, Biloxi, Meridian.
Planning factor: 0.80 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include heat, humidity, storms and termite exposure.
Missouri
Major cities: Kansas City, St. Louis, Springfield, Columbia, Independence, Lee's Summit.
Planning factor: 0.90 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include storms, freeze-thaw cycles and humid summers.
Montana
Major cities: Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena.
Planning factor: 1.04 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold winters, snow, wildfire exposure and long travel distances.
Nebraska
Major cities: Omaha, Lincoln, Bellevue, Grand Island, Kearney, Fremont.
Planning factor: 0.89 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include wind, hail, tornado exposure and cold winters.
Nevada
Major cities: Las Vegas, Henderson, Reno, North Las Vegas, Sparks, Carson City.
Planning factor: 1.08 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include desert heat, sun exposure and fast-growing metro demand.
New Hampshire
Major cities: Manchester, Nashua, Concord, Derry, Dover, Rochester.
Planning factor: 1.15 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include snow, freeze-thaw cycles and Northeast labour costs.
New Jersey
Major cities: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Trenton, Edison, Toms River.
Planning factor: 1.25 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include coastal storms, older homes and high metro labour costs.
New Mexico
Major cities: Albuquerque, Las Cruces, Rio Rancho, Santa Fe, Roswell, Farmington.
Planning factor: 0.93 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include dry air, intense sun, altitude and monsoon conditions.
New York
Major cities: New York City, Buffalo, Yonkers, Rochester, Syracuse, Albany, New Rochelle, Mount Vernon.
Planning factor: 1.30 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include wide urban-rural cost variation, snow and older housing stock.
North Carolina
Major cities: Charlotte, Raleigh, Greensboro, Durham, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville, Cary, Wilmington.
Planning factor: 0.96 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include hurricanes, humidity, storms and rapid metro growth.
North Dakota
Major cities: Fargo, Bismarck, Grand Forks, Minot, West Fargo, Williston.
Planning factor: 0.98 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include extreme cold, wind and short construction seasons.
Ohio
Major cities: Columbus, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toledo, Akron, Dayton, Parma.
Planning factor: 0.92 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include freeze-thaw cycles, storms and humid summers.
Oklahoma
Major cities: Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Norman, Broken Arrow, Edmond, Lawton.
Planning factor: 0.86 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include hail, tornado exposure, heat and strong winds.
Oregon
Major cities: Portland, Eugene, Salem, Gresham, Hillsboro, Bend, Beaverton.
Planning factor: 1.13 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include rain, coastal moisture, wildfire exposure and seismic considerations.
Pennsylvania
Major cities: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Reading, Erie, Scranton, Bethlehem.
Planning factor: 1.03 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include older housing, freeze-thaw cycles and varied metro costs.
Rhode Island
Major cities: Providence, Warwick, Cranston, Pawtucket, East Providence, Woonsocket.
Planning factor: 1.20 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include coastal storms, salt air and older New England housing.
South Carolina
Major cities: Charleston, Columbia, North Charleston, Mount Pleasant, Rock Hill, Greenville.
Planning factor: 0.90 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include heat, humidity, hurricanes and coastal salt exposure.
South Dakota
Major cities: Sioux Falls, Rapid City, Aberdeen, Brookings, Watertown, Mitchell.
Planning factor: 0.91 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold winters, wind, hail and large temperature swings.
Tennessee
Major cities: Nashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Clarksville, Murfreesboro, Franklin.
Planning factor: 0.92 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include humidity, storms and fast-growing urban markets.
Texas
Major cities: Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, Austin, Fort Worth, El Paso, Arlington, Corpus Christi, Plano, Lubbock, Laredo, Irving.
Planning factor: 0.98 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include heat, hail, hurricanes in coastal areas and major metro cost differences.
Utah
Major cities: Salt Lake City, West Valley City, West Jordan, Provo, Orem, Sandy, St. George.
Planning factor: 1.04 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include snow, altitude, dry air and rapid population growth.
Vermont
Major cities: Burlington, South Burlington, Rutland, Barre, Montpelier, St. Albans.
Planning factor: 1.10 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include long winters, rural travel and older housing.
Virginia
Major cities: Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Norfolk, Richmond, Newport News, Alexandria, Roanoke.
Planning factor: 1.08 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include humid summers, coastal storms and high Northern Virginia labour costs.
Washington
Major cities: Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Vancouver, Bellevue, Kent, Everett.
Planning factor: 1.20 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include rain, seismic requirements, wildfire exposure and high metro labour costs.
West Virginia
Major cities: Charleston, Huntington, Morgantown, Parkersburg, Wheeling, Martinsburg.
Planning factor: 0.82 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include steep sites, storms, freeze-thaw cycles and rural access.
Wisconsin
Major cities: Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, Kenosha, Racine, Appleton.
Planning factor: 0.96 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include cold winters, snow and severe freeze-thaw cycles.
Wyoming
Major cities: Cheyenne, Casper, Laramie, Gillette, Rock Springs, Sheridan.
Planning factor: 1.02 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include wind, snow, altitude and long contractor travel distances.
District of Columbia
Major cities: Washington.
Planning factor: 1.30 times the US baseline. This state-level factor applies to every listed city; it is not a city quote. Common local considerations include high urban labour costs, permits and older row-house construction.